ORISSAN Temple ARCHITECTURE
DR. SOMA CHANDOrissa is a land of temples. The catch your eye of the largest number of temples all over the Realm has made it a centre of individualistic attraction for the scholars, indolologists, tourists and others. Out of the five new to the job types of architecture that is Devotional, Service, Courteous, Aggressive and Fatherland.
We specially come across the devotional type of architecture in Orissa in the same way as others have moved out with the destruction of time and power. Temples as freestanding structures came to Orissa after the Gupta epoch fine hair Dakshina Kosala. The Hindu jurisdiction if Somavamsi, Bhaumakaras, Gangas stimulated the Orissan architects to ship on the spirit of creating their own style of architectural place of pilgrimage representations without any Islamic or Persian influence. The epoch for that reason ranges from 6th century A.D. to 16th century A.D. The builders of the Orissan temples gave vent to their feelings on the basis of native
canonical texts like Bhuban Pradip, Silpapothi, Silpasastra, Silpasarini, Upanishad, Silparatnakosa, Vastusastra, Silpa Prakash,
Padma Kesara Deula Mapagunagara, Bhuban Prabesh, Soudhikagana etc. communicative the mid achieved by our frequent in the field of place of pilgrimage architecture.
The Indian temples in trendy are alienated into three categories based on their ordinary place and have possession of features-
- The Northern Indian temples are proven as Nagara style of Architecture. - The Southern temples of Deccan belong to the Vessara style. - The third breed is called Dravida style outward appearance in South India. The Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture ranging
from 7th to 13th century A.D at a standstill, corresponds to an utter new to the job breed for their individualistic representations called Kalingan style of place of pilgrimage architecture on the other hand powerfully they came under the Northern style or Nagara style,ovember - they have precise moving features which are individualistic of their own.
The Orissan temples are of three types- - Khakhara Deula - Rekha Deula - Pidha or Bhadra Deula. The Khakhara Deula is utter a new to the job style of architecture compactly appearing conclusion to the Dravidian Gopuran handiwork. The word is resultant from Khakharu (Pumpkin, gourd) as the maximum looks like a barrel- vaulted stretched crown. The Sakta temples are chiefly of Khakhara order. Brahmi place of pilgrimage of Chaurasi in Puri and Gouri place of pilgrimage of Bhubaneswar are two categorical examples of Khakhara place of pilgrimage. Mature Saivite and Vaisnavite temples in Orissa represent moreover Rekha and Pidha types. In the shaping epoch of Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture exhibit were only two structures of the temples. - The first is interesting study or Vimana or Bada Deula. - The second is Jagamohan or Mukhasala. The study of the place of pilgrimage is of Rekha order which has a curvilinear enlarge shape. But the Jagamohana standing before the conduct shape is of Pidha order. The Pidhas form a number of tiers serving one upon the added rebellious to a peak. Later than the parade of time the Oriya architects began to invent newer forms of shape. Therefore in the big temples we find four structures- - Vimana or Bada Deula - Jagamohana or Mukhasala or Period of audiences - Nata Mandira or Cheerful Period - Bhoga Mandapa or the Period of contributions. The complimentary peculiarities of Orissan place of pilgrimage is marked by personality. The architects supposed the place of pilgrimage in the form of a human male
carving or Purusha. Like human physical divisions of leg, thigh, waist, agency, neck and bust the place of pilgrimage had conclusion shapes and structures.
The Vimana or the conduct place of pilgrimage of Orissa is always of Rekha designs with the biased moving features such as-
- Pavement or Talapattana - Plintha or Pitha - Wavy Begin or Rekha or Rathak - Neck or the alcove less than the Amlaka
Sila called Beki - Denticulate blocks of stonework called Amlaka Sila. - Kernel cape close an unfolded sun umbrella or Khapuri
- Finial or Kalasa - Trident or Bestow From the foxhole Vimana rises vertically to a head than in a curvilinear handiwork to the neck. From the distressing to the gandi or feeler control the rise is utterly and thus the place of pilgrimage indolently inclines new in a serious gentle till the four reclining parapet join together at the Beki or neck. Better the Beki is the control called Mastaka or
maximum which consists of the amlaka, inverted Kalasa and Dhvaja. Finally comes the tint of the Deity-Trident or Trishul in crust of a Siva place of pilgrimage or a Bestow or Chakra in crust of a Vishnu place of pilgrimage. The maximum control is called Khapuri. Done the
ayudha exhibit may be a fall as momentous tint. Therefore a place of pilgrimage is represented as a Purusha. In a pyramidal Pidha type of place of pilgrimage curvilinear Vimana is not exhibit. The gandi or feeler from the foxhole perpendicularly upto a point and thus the pyramidal crown is constructed on the four parapet that looks a great deal unchanged the found of a thatched native soil from a distance.
Unusual way is to study the Orissan place of pilgrimage by resorting to bang separate. This is realize with the help of bang segments marked on the Vimana of the place of pilgrimage called Pagas. The overshadow at the centre is called Rahapaga, on the either side of Raha are two Anurahapagas and at the two corners are two Konakapagas. In path of time by decelerate innovation. Triratha proposal
of the place of pilgrimage became Pancharatha. Saptaratha and Navaratha temples. Unusual extraordinary limitation of the Orissan temples is the surface programmes which are of three types:- - Worthwhile - Police officer - Purely complicated or Drawn
These designs are governed by terms laid down by Silpasastra. The bang projections called Pagas are held as tiny shrines with niches which regulate new to the job sculptures to garland the place of pilgrimage. The reign of architecture classifies disembark, stonework and temples and contains rationalization of designs and care order of icons, surface motifs, Parsvadevatas, Dikpatis, Astasakhis, Naga and Nagini, Sardula, Ulta-Gaja-Viraja-Singh, Ulta- Gaja-Singh, Navagraha, Vaitala, Kirtimukha
types of scroll like Phulalata, Natilata, Patralata, Vanalata, untruth, horse, bull, Makara and added nature. After 13th century exhibit was a concrete fade in the gifted honor of the surface programmes of Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture.
The antiquity of Orissa is attributed by her place of pilgrimage architecture which is as subline as it is aesthetically innervating. For centuries now the Orissan Blond Triangle of Bhubaneswar-Puri- Konark has retained a vantage point on India's pilgrimage reach for their devotional architectural set.
Lingaraj place of pilgrimage of Bhubaneswar marked the culmination of the innovation of Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture. Meticulously a century taking into consideration started the government of Jagannath place of pilgrimage with the definite product of Orissan architects-that is the place of pilgrimage of Konark.
The Orissan Temple Architecture holds an special that is mesmerizing and similar to stupefying in its profligacy and mobility. The dizzying heights of the slowly sculptured towers are as a great deal reasons for think over as are the gracefully wrought-base-reliefs inwardly their countless halls. From the affluent ashes of Konark to favorably blessed environs of Jagannath and Lingaraj, one can get an unforgettable experience of Orissa's arts and crafts. They are the lettering of Orissa's cultural bequest that patch up an eye-opener directly today.
Dr. Soma Chand is the Reader in Earlier period, Ravenshaw
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